GoPro produce a range of video cameras. Each one has different ways that data is recorded, and so the recovery process is different for each one.  The notes below describe some of the main features of each recording method. o GoPro Hero o GoPro Hero 2 o GoPro Hero 3.  Supports multiplexed low and high resolution recording. o GoPro Hero 4.  Supports multiplexed low and high resolution recording. o GoPro Hero5.  Supports multiplexed low and high resolution recording o GoPro Hero 6. Supports multiplexed low and high resolution recording and RAW photos o GoPro Hero 7 including GPS o GoPro Hero 8 including GPS GoPro Base model.  This camera records data out of sequence with the second part of the logical file recorded first. The video data does include JPEG images, often used as a file thumbnail GoPro Hero 2 Technically it is very similar to the Hero 3 described below, but only supports high resolution video GoPro Hero 3 This camera saves the video data with high and low resolution physically interleaved on the memory chip.  Once all video data is saved, then both header blocks (ftyp and moov) are written.  To recover the data it is necessary to determine which data block belongs to which data stream, high or low resolution, and to which ftyp and moov atom.  It is not possible to do this type of recovery by data carving but the GoPro recovery software is the result of extensive development to resolve this problems.  The result is normally perfect low resolution video and extremely good high resolution.  Occasionally on FAT32 memory chips, there may be a small glitch on high resolution video - a small problem we hope ultimately to resolve. JPEG files may also be saved on the memory chip. To recover unfinalised, or truncated video it is necessary to locate the start of a possible data run.  This will be at the start of a cluster, but there are at least two variations where the first frame starts at offset 0, or offset 4.  Once detected, the video stream is then reconstructed, and the moov atom created to allow the video to be played.  This is currently under development for the forensic version of the software including separating two interleaved video streams. GoPro Hero 4, Hero 5, Hero 6, Hero 7 and Hero 8 The Hero 4/5/6/7/8 range is similar to the Hero 3 above except the order of the atoms is different. On the Hero 4/5/6/7/8 the ftyp is immediately followed by the mdat.  At the end of the recording, the moov atom is added.  As in Hero 3 high and low resolution streams are interleaved give the same recovery issues.  JPEG files may also be saved on the memory chip.